Automotive Interfaces

The M2 Inferface Board contains both the power supply circuitry and the automotive interfaces required to communicate with your car. This includes:

• 2x CAN bus

• 1x SWCAN (Single-Wire CAN)

• 2x LIN/9141

• J1850 VPW/PWM

To find libraries for any M2 interfaces, try the Macchina Community Showcase.

26-pin general purpose connector

Every M2 has a 26-pin general purpose "expansion" connector that provides even more connection options. For example: UART, SPI, I2C, six general purpose 12V drivers and six 12V analog inputs. See the schematic for actual pinout details.

Part number for this 2mm pitch connector is: Hirose DF11-26DP-2DS(52)

Refer to the following diagram for pin 1 location. Note that the ODD pins are on the TOP row and the EVEN pins are on the BOTTOM row.

The following table shows what the function for each pin:

Pin	Function	Notes
1	IN 1	0-12V Analog Input
2	OUT 1	12V SOURCE Output
3	SCL0	3.3V logic
4	SDA0	3.3V logic
5	IN 2	0-12V Analog Input
6	OUT 2	12V SOURCE Output
7	UART3 TX	3.3V logic
8	UART3 RX	3.3V logic
9	IN 3	0-12V Analog Input
10	OUT 3	12V SOURCE Output
11	SPI0 CLK	3.3V logic
12	SPI0 MISO	3.3V logic
13	IN 4	0-12V Analog Input
14	OUT 4	12V SINK Output
15	SPI0 CS/USART2RX	3.3V logic
16	SPIO MOSI	3.3V logic
17	IN 5	0-12V Analog Input
18	OUT 5	12V SINK Output
19	+12VIO	+12V (switched output)
20	+5V	+5 (constant output)
21	IN 6	0-12V Analog Input
22	OUT 6	12V SINK Output
23	+3.3V	+3.3V (constant output)
24	+12V	+12V (constant output)
25	GND	Ground
26	GND	Ground

Find more about six 12V source/sink driver circuits here.

CAN

Controller Area Network

CAN bus is a vehicle bus standard used in most cars built after 2006. It is a message-based protocol that allows modules within a car to communicate with one another. While the physical layer is understood and open, the actual meaning of the messages sent over the bus are not. While some messages are legislated to be "standard", the majority of CAN messages in your typical car are not well documented.

The M2 has 2 CAN channels (in addition to the single-wire CAN channel) that can interface directly to the CAN bus network of your car. The M2 uses the 2 built-in CAN controllers found in the SAM3X and 2 external TJA1051 transceivers. Here is a typical example:

Here is the link to the datasheet: http://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/TJA1051.pdf

CAN bus connections can be found on either the 16-pin OBD2 connector on the under-the-dash M2 or the 24-pin connector used by the under-the-hood M2.

Single-wire CAN

The Macchina M2 provides single-wire CAN support using a MCP2515 CAN controller.

LIN

Local Interconnect Network bus is an inexpensive, single wire, serial network protocol used in many modern cars. Typically, LIN would be used to control and monitor lower-priority devices such as seat positions, door locks, radio and illumination.

The M2 has 2 LIN channels that can interface directly to the LIN bus network of your car. Your M2 uses 2 external TJA1027 transceivers connected via UART to the processor.

Here is the link to the datasheet: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/TJA1027.pdf

Note that the TJA1027 transceiver is used for both LIN and ISO9141 (K-LINE/L-LINE) for a total of 2 channels.

LIN bus connections can be found on either the 16-pin OBD2 connector on the under-the-dash M2 or the 24-pin connector used by the under-the-hood M2.

K-line (aka ISO9141, KWP2000)

ISO9141/K-line is typically found in Chrysler, European, and Asian vehicles built before around 2005. This protocol is similar to RS-232 but at different voltage levels and on a single, bidirectional line.

Some cars require a secondary line (sometimes referred to as L-Line).

M2 has two K-line channels and uses the TJA1027 transceiver to interface the 12-volt single bidirectional line from the vehicle to a 3.3V UART connection. While this part is designed for LIN, it is also K-line compatible. Here is typical interface circuit showing a channel of ISO9141/LIN connected to the UART channel of the processor.

K-line connections can be found on either the 16-pin OBD2 connector on the under-the-dash M2 or the 24-pin connector used by the under-the-hood M2.

Here is the link to the datasheet: https://www.nxp.com/docs/en/data-sheet/TJA1027.pdf

J1850

M2 supports both J1850 PWM (Pulse-width-modulation) and VPW (Variable Pulse width).

J1850 PWM is typically found in older Ford vehicles and operates at 41.6 kb/s. The bus is active when J1850+_BUS is pulled HIGH to 5V and J1850-_BUS is pulled LOW to 0V.

J1850 VPW is typically found in older GM vehicles and operates at 10.4 kb/s.

The voltage range for each protocol is different (0-7V for VPW and 0-5V for PWM). To change between the levels required for PWM and VPW variants of J1850, use this signal:

J1850_PWM_VPW (M2 board signal name "J1850_PWM_nVPW")

This signal is connected to physical pin 123 (PB8) of the SAM3X. Make this pin HIGH for PWM and LOW for VPW

The following code that will both turn on power to J1850 circuit AND set level for either PWM or VPW:

void setup() {
  pinMode(PS_J1850_9141, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(J1850_PWM_VPW, OUTPUT);

  digitalWrite(PS_J1850_9141, HIGH);  // LOW  = no power at +12V_SW/+5V_SW
                                      // HIGH = power at +12V_SW/+5V_SW

  digitalWrite(J1850_PWM_VPW, HIGH);       // LOW  = ~7.9v (VPW)
                                      // HIGH = ~5.9V (PWM)
}

void loop() {
}

These signals originate from the vehicle:

J1850+_BUS connects to pin 2 on the OBD2 port and is used by BOTH J1850 PWM and VPW.

J1850-_BUS connects to pin 10 on the OBD2 port and is used by J1850 PWM

These signals connect to the processor as OUTPUTS:

J1850P_TX (M2 board signal name "J1850+_TX") is an OUTPUT from the processor used for BOTH J1850 PWM and VPW. "J1850+_TX" is connected to pin 45 or PC18. This corresponds to the PWMH6 on peripheral B.

• With J1850_PWM_VPW = HIGH (i.e. PWM mode): When this signal goes HIGH , pin 2 of the OBD2 connector is 5.5V. When this pin is LOW, pin 2 of the OBD2 connector is 0V.

• With J1850_PWM_VPW = LOW (i.e. VPW mode): When this signal goes HIGH , pin 2 of the OBD2 connector is 7.5V. When this pin is LOW, pin 2 of the OBD2 connector is 0V.

J1850N_TX (M2 board signal name "J1850-_TX") is an OUTPUT from the processor and is used for J1850 PWM. "J1850-_TX" is connected to pin 7 or PC23. This corresponds to the PWML6 on peripheral B.

• With J1850_PWM_VPW = HIGH (i.e. PWM mode): When this signal goes HIGH , pin 10 of the OBD2 connector is 0V. When this pin is LOW, pin 10 of the OBD2 connector is 5V.

PWMH6 and PWML6 functionality is described in section 38: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) of the SAM3X datasheet.

These signals connect to the processor as INPUTS:

J1850_PWM_RX is an INPUT to the processor. "J1850_PWM_RX" is connected to pin 3 or PC28. This corresponds to the TIOA7 on peripheral B.

J1850_VPW_RX is an INPUT to the processor. "J1850_VPW_RX" is connected to pin 4 or PC26. This corresponds to the TIOB6 on peripheral B.

TIOB6 and TIOA7 functionality is described in section 36: Timer Counter (TC) of the SAM3X datasheet.